Hydraulic pressure pump or motor



Patented Jan. 25.1949

HYDRAULIC PRESSURE PUMP OR MOTOR Bernard Beaman, Julius Hulmam andRobert A. Stein, Dayton, Ohio Application March 12, 1945, Serial No.582,376

1.8 Claims. (Cl. 103-162) (Granted under'the actof March 3, 1883, asamended-April so, 1928; 370 o. e. m)

The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or forthe Government for governmental purposes, without the payment to us ofany royalty thereon. i Our present inventionrelates to a hydraulicpressure pump or motor which is designed for proper operation atextremely high pressures.

One object of the invention is to provide a structure which is readilysuitable to operate either as a pump or a motor with no changeswhatever, the design being simple and involving but few parts which canbe readily fabricated and assembled.

Another object is to provide a pump or motor design wherein loadedbearings are minimized,

- the thrust forces being taken by stationary thrust being interposedbetween the cam and the pistons,

son a further object is to floatingly mount the barrel so that it willeffectively seat against an.

end Plate of the Pump or motor under the force of internal pressureacting on partially closed cylinder bore ends and to provide a reliefvalve for An additional object is to provide pistons in.

the cylinder bores which have similar ends so that they cannot beinstalled improperly and to arrange the parts in relation to each otherso that return springs are not required for the pistons.

With these and other objects in view, our invention consists in-theconstruction, arrangement and combination of the various parts of ourinvention whereby the objects contemplated are attained, as hereinaftermore fully set forth, pointed out in our claims and illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of our pump or motor;

Fig. 2 is a rear elevation thereof;

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view on the line 33 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a, sectional view on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3 to illustrate theintake and outlet port arrange-'- ments of the pump or motor:

Fig. 5 is a sectional view on the line 5-5 of Fig.

3 showing the pistons in the cylinder bores of the barrel;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 86 of Fig. 4 further showing thepiston porting arrangement; and t Fi 7 is a sectional view on the line1-1 of Fig. 4 showing an inside elevation of one end plate of the pumpor motor wherein arcuate intake and outlet ports are provided.

Onv the accompanying drawings we have used the reference numeral ill toindicate a cylindrical housing. The housing has a flange l2 at one ofits ends for mounting the housing as a pump or motor. For this purposebolts or screws may ex.-

tend through. perforations It of the flange and thread into a suitablesupport in the usual manner. The housing. Ill has a flange 16 at itsother end to which an end plate i8 is secured as by cap screws so, witha suitable gasket or sealing com; pound between the flange and the endplate,

The housing It has an internal partition 22 against which a cam 26 ispositioned. The cam fits the interior of the housing and is retainedagainst rotation relative thereto by a set screw 26. The cam 25 has acam face 28 which is in the form of a truncated cylinder end, and ahardened creep plate 36 of washer-like form is engaged against this camface.

Rotatable in bearings 32 and 34, supported in fixed position relative tothe housing I ii, is a barrel drive shaft 36. The bearing 82 is seatedin an annular counterbore 88 of the cam 24, whereas the bearing 3% isseated in a counterbore 40 of the end plate It.

Loosely splined at 42 on the barrel drive shaft 36 is a barrel 64 havingan annular shoulder 46 engaging a narrow flange 48 on the shaft 36 forguide purposes. The barrel 44 has'a flat sealing face 50 to contact witha flat sealing face 52 of the end plate i 8. The loose splining of thebarrel N to the shaft 38 permits ready conformity of the face 50 to theface 52, as will hereinafter appear.

Circumferentially spaced cylinder bores 54 are provided in the barrel 4,and 'in each a plungerlike piston 56 is reciprocable. Each cylinder hasa cylinder port 58 of the shape shown in Fig, 6.

The ports are of somewhat less cross-sectional I I sure acting on thecylinder boreends surrounding the ports.

Considering our invention as a pump, each of the ports 68 is adapted toregister at times with an arcuate intake port 80 and at other times withan arcuate outlet port 82 of the end plate I8. The shapes of these portsare shown in Fig. 7. The ports 80 and 82 communicate by means ofpassageways 84 and 88, with an intake or low pressure boss 88 and anoutlet or high pressure boss 10, respectively. When the device operatesas a motor, the boss I is the intake and the boss 88 is the outlet. Inboth cases there is low pressure in the boss 88 and high pressure in theboss 10, as indicated by the legends "HI" and LO" in Figs. 2 and 4, u

The barreT*44 is adapted to be seated against the end plate I8 bypressure within the housing I0, as will hereinafter appear. Duringstarting of the pump, when pressure has not yet built up it is desirableto make sure that the faces 80 and 82 are in contact, and this may beaccomplished by a light spring 12, shown in Fig. 3.

For driving the barrel shaft 88 we provide a drive shaft I4 which isloosely splined at I8 to the drive shaft, and has splines I8 on itsother end for connection to a power take-off shaft of the aircraftengine or any other suitable means to drive the pump, or, in case thedevice is operated as a motor, then to the device driven thereby. Suchdevice or the power take-off shaft, as the case may be, would include ameans to align the outerend of the drive shaft I4 for proper operationwithout binding.

The drive shaft 14 has a flange 80 surrounding it, with which a sealplate 82 in the form of a ring is engageable. A spring 84 effects suchengagement initially, whereas fluid pressure within the housing effectsthe engagement after the pump or motor is in operation, as willhm'einafter appear. The spring 84 is seated against a second end plate88 secured to the partition 22 by suitable means. such as screws 88.

The seal plate 82 is sealed relative to the housing I0 by means of adiaphragm 80 having its inner edge clamped to the seal plate by aspanner nut 82, and its outer edge clamped between a washer 94 and theend plate 88 by the screws 88. This provides a pressure chamber,indicated at 98, inside of the flange 80.

The inner end of the drive shaft I4 is seated against a shoulder 98 ofthe barrel shaft 88 which serves merely as a thrust connection, but,normally, when the pump or motor is operating, the two are spaced fromeach other. A passageway I00 is provided through the center of thebarrel shaft 88, and liquid is adapted to flow through this passagewayafter passing through the splined connection 18. A relief groove I02 isprovided for such flow in the event that the inner end of the driveshaft I4 is seated against the shoulder 88.

The passageway I00 communicates with a pressure relief valve in the formof a valve plug I04 seated against a ring I08 by a spring I08. The valveplug acts as a piston in a sleeve IIO which serves to guide its slidingmovement. The sleeve IIO has a head II2 for screwing the sleeve into theend plate l8 at the screw-threaded connection H4. The sleeve IIO hasports II8 communicating with an annular groove II8 which, in turn,communicates by means of a passageway I20 with the low pressure boss 88,as best shown in Figure'4.

Practical operation Considering our structure as operating as a pump,the shaft I4 is driven by any suitable power means to thereby drive thebarrel shaft 88 and the barrel 44. A reservoir of fluid, such aslubricating oil, fuel oil or the like, is connected with the lowpressure boss 88, and the high pressure boss I0 is connected with anysuitable device for receiving the fluid at high pressure. The spring 12keeps the barrel 44 in engagement with the end plate I8, and the spring84 keeps the seal plate 82 in engagement with the flange 80 so thatthere is a sealed chamber within the housing I0 all the way from the endplate I8 to the diaphragm 80. These springs. particularly the spring 12,maintain for priming the pump.

The pistons 88 are held against the creep plate 80 by fluid pressurefrom the low pressure boss 88 whichwould be under the pressure producedby a booster pump or any other means. Accordingly, as the barrel 44rotates, the pistons 88 will be reciprocated because of the angularposition of the creep plate with respect to a plane normal to the axisof rotation of the barrel. During one half of the revolution, when someof the pistons 88 are moving inward toward the final position in thelower half of Fig. 3, there will be intake of liquid from the intakeport 80, and during the other half of the revolution, when some of thepistons are moving outwardly to the position in the upper half of Fig.3, the fluid will be expelled under high pressure to the outlet port 82.

There is some leakage of liquid past the faces 80 and 82, especiallybefore pressure is built up in the housing I0. and this liquid, togetherwith the small amount which creeps past the pistons 58, will charge theinterior of the housing I0 for lubricating the bearings 32 and 34 andproducing pressure within the housing. The lubricant passes alongclearances between surfaces 38a and 44a on the drive shaft 38 and 40barrel 44, respectively. The barrel 44 will be seated against the endplate I8 by a combination of forces tending to maintain such relationincluding the charging pressure for the housing plus the force of spring12 and the internal pressure of the cylinder bores acting on thepartially closed cylinder ends. Pressure of the fluid passing thebearing 32 also acts on the flange 80 to compress the spring 84somewhat, and

thereafter maintain the flange against the sealing face of the sealplate 82 under such pressure. The pressure is limited, however, by therelief valve I04 which, depending upon the strength of the spring I 08,will move to a relief position, permitting excess liquid to flow throughthe ports H8 and the passageways H8 and I20 back to the low pressureboss 88. A selected spring I 08 may be used, as required, to keep adesired pressure within the housing. The valve I04, therefore, acts as apressure regulating valve.

'In the operation of our device as a motor, high pressure fluid issupplied to the boss I0 which acts upon the pistons 88 to cause them toexert a side thrust in a circumferential direction against the creepplate 80, thereby transforming the fluid pressure into rotation of theshaft I4. In this instance the shaft I4 would be connected to any deviceto be driven by the motor. The relief valve I04 will operate in its samecapacity, and the only difference in the operation of the device will bethat it rotates in the opposite direction from that required .to operateit as a pump.

The direction of rotation can be readily reversed by reversing the endplate I8. or in cas the sealv necessary where the piping is such that itis desirable to turn the end plate 180 degrees, this can be done if thedirection of rotation is immaterial.

From the foregoing specification we believe it will be obvious that wehave provided a structure which may be operated either as a highpressure pump or a high pressure motor. It is'well suited for pressureson the order of three thousand pounds per square inch, and when so usedhas high torque and power. The design is such that there are few parts,and they are simple to form, machine and assemble. The device may beused either as a pump or a motor with no changes. Thenecessary thrust ofthe rotating barrel to effect pressure seal is had without the necessityof providing the spring 12 other than for the purpose of the initialthrust before pressure is built up within the housing. The spring cantherefore be comparatively light, yet will insure proper priming of thepump or starting-of the motor. The seal at 80-82 remains eflective evenif the shaft 14 is out of alignment orand purpose of our invention, andit is our intention to cover by our claims any modified forms ofstructure or use of mechanical equivalents which may be reasonablyincluded within their scope.

We claim as our invention:

1. In a hydraulic pressure pump or motor, a housing, a power shaftextending inside and outside of said housing, a barrel driving shaftsecured to said power shaft and Journaled in said housing, a barrelloosely mounted on said driving shaft and operatively connected thereto,said barrel having cylindrical bores therein substantially parallel tothe axis of rotation of the barrel and its drive shaft, a piston in eachof said bores. said barrel having one of its ends seated against an endof said housing, ports in said end of said barrel and communicating withsaid cylinder bores, a stationary cam in said housing having a camsurface surrounding said barrel driving shaft and in the shape of atruncated cylinder end, said cam cooperating with said pistons toreciprocate them upon rotation of said barrel, and intake and dischargeports in said end of said housing for communicating with said cylinderports of said barrel.

2. In a device of the class described, a housing, a power shaftextending inside and outside of the housing, a barrel driving shaftsecured to the power shaft and Journaled in said housing, a barrelloosely splined on said driving shaft, said .barrel having cylindricalbores parallel to the axis of rotation of the barrel drive shaft, 9.piston in each of said bores, an end plate on said housing, said barrelhaving one of its ends .seated thereagainst, ports in said end of saidbarrel and communicating with said cylinder bores, said ports beingsmaller than the bores whereby fluid pressure within said bores. tend toseat said barrel against said end plate, a cam in the shape of atruncated cylinder end, a creep plate in.

terposed between said cam and said pistons, the ends of said pistonsbeing similar in shape, and intake and'discharge ports in said end plateand communicating with said cylinder ports in said seated thereagainst,ports in said end of said barrel and communicating with-said cylinderbores, a cam for driving said pistons in the shape of a truncatedcylinder end, ,and intake and discharge ports in said end plate andcommunicating with said cylinder ports of said barrel.

4. In a hydraulic pressure pump or motor, a

housing, a barrel driving shaft journaled in said housing, a barrellooselymounted on said shaft and splined thereto, said barrel havingcylindrical bores parallel to the axis of rotation of said having one ofits ends seated against an end of said housing, ports in said end ofsaid barrel and communicating with said cylinder bores, a cam having acam surface surrounding said shaft drive shaft, a diaphragm connectionbetween said to urge said seal plate into contact with said.

flange, said diaphragm providing a pressure chamber inside of said sealplate communicating with the interior of said housing and subjected tothe pressure therein.

5. In a hydraulic pressure pump or motor, a housing, a barrel drivingshaft Journaled in said housing, a barrel loosely mounted on said shaftand splined thereto, said barrel having cylindrical bores parallel tothe axis of rotation of said shaft, a piston in each of said bores, saidbarrelhaving one of its ends seated against an end of said housing,ports in said end of said barrel .and communicating with said cylinderbores, a cam havin a cam surface surrounding said shaft and in the shapeof a truncated cylinder end, said cam \drivingly coacting with saidpistons, intake and discharge ports in said end of said housing forcommunicating with said cylinder ports of said barrel, a drive shaftloosely splined to said first shaft, said drive shaft having an annularflange afilxed thereto, a seal plate contacting with said flange andsurrounding said drive shaft, and a diaphragm connec tion between saidhousing and said seal plate.

6. In a hydraulic pressure device of the class described, a housing. ashaft journaled therein, a barrel operatively connected thereto, saidbarrel having cylindrical bores, a piston in each of said bores, saidbarrel having one of its ends seated against an endof said housing,ports in said end of said barrel and communicating with said cylinderbores, a cam for driving coaction with said pistons, intake anddischarge ports in said end of said housing for communicating with saidcylinder ports of said barrel, a drive shaft connected to said firstshaft, said drive shaft having an annular flange amxed thereto. a sealplate contacting with said flange and surrounding said drive shaft, anda diaphragm connection between said housing and said seal plate to urgesaid seal plate into contact with said flange.

. '7. In a hydraulic pump or motor of the class described, a housing, abarrel driving shaft journaled in said housing, a barrel mounted on saidshaft and operatively connected thereto, said barrel having cylindricalbores therethrough par-v rallel to the axis of rotation of said shaft, apiston in each of said bores, said barrel having one of its ends seatedagainst an end of said housing, ports in said end of said barrel andcommunicating with said cylinder bores, a cam having a cam surfacesurrounding said shaft and in the shape of a truncated cylinder endcoacting with said pistons, intake and discharge ports in said end ofsaid housing for communicating with said cylinder ports of said barrel,said shaft having a bore therethrough into which fluid which leaks pastsaid pistons may flow after passing through one of said bearings, andsaid housing having a relief valve for regulating the pressure withinthe housing, said relief valve communicating with said bore anddischarging into the low pressure side of said pump or motor.

8. In a hydraulic pressure pump or motor, a housing, a shaft journaledin said housing, a barrel operatively connected thereto, said barrelhaving cylinder bores, a piston in each of said bores, said barrelhaving one of its ends seated against an end of said housing, ports insaid end of said barrel and communicating with said cylinder bores, acam coacting with said pistons for reciprocating them,intake anddischarge ports in said end of said housing for communicating with saidcylinder ports of said barrel, a diaphragm seal between said housing andsaid shaft, said cam having a bore therethrough into which fluid whichleaks past said pistons may flow, and said housing having a relief valvefor regulating the pressure within the housing, a passageway formed insaid housing, said relief valve communicating with said last passagewayand with the low pressure side of said pump or motor.

9. In a hydraulic pressure pump, a housing, a barrel driving shaftjournaled in said housing, a barrel operatively connected thereto, saidbarrel having cylindrical bores substantially parallel to the axis ofrotation of the barrel, a piston in each of said bores, said barrelhaving one of its ends seated against an end of said housing, ports inraid end of said barrel and communicating with said cylinder bores, acam having a cam surface surrounding said shaft and in the shape of atrunrated cylinder end for coaction with said pisions, intake anddischarge ports in said end of raid housing for communicating with saidcylinder ports of said barrel, 9, drive shaft connected to said barreldrive shaft, said drive shaft having an. annular flange afllxed thereto,a seal plate contacting with said flange and surrounding said barreldrive shaft, a diaphragm connection between said housing and said sealplate, said diaphragm providing a pressure chamber within said sealplate communicating with the interior of said housing and subjected tothe pressure therein. said barrel drive shaft having a bore therethroughinto which fluid which leaks past said pistons and into said pressurechamber may flow, and said housing having a relief valve for regulatingthe pressure within the housing, said relief valve communicating withsaid bore and the intake side 'of said pump.

10. In a hydraulic pressure pump or motor of the class described, ahousing, a shaft journaled in said housing, a barrel loosely mounted onsaid shaft and operatively connected thereto, said barrel havingcylindrical bores, a piston in each of said bores, said barrelhaving-one of its ends seated against an end of said housing by internalpressure in said housing tending to force said barrel against said seat.ports in said end of said barrel and communicating with said cylinderbores, a cam for coaction with said pistons to reciprocate them, intakeanddischarge ports in said end of said housing for communicating withsaid cylinder ports of said barrel, a drive shaft for said first shaft,said drive shaft having a flange, a seal plate contacting with saidflange, a diaphragm connection between said housing and said seal plate,said diaphragm providing a pressure chamber communicating with theinterior of said housing, and said housing having a relief valve forregulating the pressure within said housing.

11. A motor or pump structure of the character disclosed for operationby hydraulic fluid under pressure or for pumping such fluid comprisinga, housing, a partition therein, a cam against said partition, a barreldrive shaft journaled in v said housing, a barrel in said housing drivenby said barrel drive shaft, said barrel having cylinder bores providedwith partially closed ends, pistons slidable in said cylinder bores andco-acting with said cam for reciprocation thereby upon rotation of thebarrel, an end plate for said housing, said barrel being positionedbetween said cam and said end plate and tending to be biased by fluidpressure within said cylinder bores into contact with said end plate,said barrel having a port for each partially closed cylinder end andsaid end plate having intake and outlet ports for alternate registrywith said ports of said cylinder ends during rotation of the barrel, 2.drive shaft for said barrel shaft loosely connected therewith and havinga flange beyond said partition, a seal plate positioned against saidflange, a diaphragm connection between said seal plate and said housing,a spring interposed between said housing and said seal plate, and arelief valve from the interior of said housing discharging to the lowpressure side of said motor or pump.

12. A pump of the character disclosed comprising a housing, a camtherein, a barrel drive shaft Journaled in said housing, a barrel insaid housing driven by said barrel drive shaft, said barrel havingcylinder bores, pistons slidable therein and coacting with said cam forreciprocation thereby upon rotation of the barrel, an end plate for saidhousing, said barrel being positioned between said cam and said endplate and tending to be biased by fluid pressure within said housinginto contact with said end plate, said barrel having a port for eachcylinder and said end plate having intake and outlet ports for alternateregistry with said ports of said barrel during rotation of the barrel, adrive shaft for said barrel shaft having a flange, a seal platepositioned against said flange, and a diaphragm connection between saidseal plate and said housing.

13. A pump of the character disclosed comprising a housing, a camtherein, a barrel drive shaft .iournaled in said housing. a barrel insaid housing driven by said barrel drive shaft, said barrel havingcylinder bores, pistons slidable therein and coacting with said cam forreciprocation thereby upon rotation of the barrel, an end plate for saidhousing, said barrel being positioned between said cam and said endplate and tending to be biased by fluid pressure within said housinginto contact with said end plate; said barrel having a port for eachcylinder andsaid end plate having intake and outlet ports for alternateregistry with said ports of said barrel during rotation 01 the barrel, adrive shaft for said barrel shaft having a flange. a seal platepositioned against said flange, a diaphragm connection between said sealplate and said housing, and a reiief valve from the interior of saidhousing and discharging to the intake of said pump.

BERNARD BEAMAN. JULIUS HULMAN. ROBERT A. STEIN.

10 namaucns cn'nn' The following referencesare of record in the the ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PA'IENTS Number Name Date 1.925.378 Ferris et a1. Sept. 5,1933 1,945,391 Benedek Jan. 30, 1934 2,161,143 Doe, et a1 June 6, 19392,299,235 Snader,'et a1 Oct. 20, 1942 2,300,009 Rose Oct. 27, 19422,331,694 Jeffrey Oct. 12, 1943 Huber Dec. 28, 1943

